Joint.



W. L. EVANS, JR.

JOINT.

APPLICATION IILBD AUG. 31, 1912.

1,069,538. Patented Aug. 5, 191a.

WWW

INVENTOR ATTORNEY portion toward the other end of the anvil in Figs. and 6, or is otherwise shaped, so i that its free internal diameter is less than i the internal diameter of the groove 3 and without the application of force enough to expand the ring to a greater free diameter 1 it would not enter the groove 3. In Figs. 3 and 4 the ring 4 is indicated as made of a rod or wireof round cross section, while in Figs. 5 and 6 it is indicated as an endless l band of less thickness than width, although the relative thickness or width is immaterial, the difference between Figs. 3 and 4 being principally in that in one form the cross section of the ring is approximately circular and in the other it is polygonal. In both forms, however, the effective diameter is initially less than that of the groove 3.' By the application of a suitably directed force the effective internal diameter of the rii i may be increased by the'obliteration o the crimping or corrugating, and then the ring will enter the groove 3 but still -there remains a tendency for the ring to return to its initial crimped or corrugated form, wherefore, with the parts properly .proportioned the ring tightly embraces the inner wall of the groove 4, thusholding the members 1 and 2 firmly together, and should there be a tendency to shrink where these parts are made of wood or some other shrinkable material, the ring will still remain in tight embrace with respect to the inner wall of the groove 3, because of the inherent tendency of the ring to contract with respect to its internal diameter by a return to the original crimped form.

In order to apply the ring, there is pro-- vidcd an apparatus comprising an anvil 5 having one edge 6 adapted to embrace the outer edge of the inner wall of the groove 3, so that this anvil ma be properly positioned with relation to tl ie groove 3. Adjacent the edge 6 the anvil is cylindrical, as indicated at 7, and from the cylindrical it tapers, as indicated at 8 until at the smaller end of the anvil it is of a size which will permit the application of the ring 4. A follower 9 is also provided and this follower is cylindrical and of a size to enter the groove 3, but in passing on to the anvil it engages the ring 4 already there placed, and by the application of an appropriate force the ring t is moved along the anvil progressively expanding until on reaching the cylindrical portion 7 it is in a circular form or in very close approach thereto, the crimps having been more or less smoothed out, and a further movement of the follower 9 forces the ring along the cylindrical portionof the anvil and ultimately therefrom into the groove 3 where the ring seats with a gripping force commensurate with the tendency of the ring to return to its origipowerful enough to hold the members 1 and 2 of the joint in continued firm relation, eveirthough the parts should ultimately shrink to some extent The follower 9 may be mounted in any appropriate manner upon the standard 10 rising from a base 11 designed to be se-- cured by screws 12 to any appropriate support and the base 11 may also constitute a table for holding the parts 1 and 2 to be" joined together during the application of the rin 'fhe structure shown in Fig. 2 is found very, effective for many purposes, but it sometimes happens that it is not desirable that the joint should be visible, although in the structure of Fig. 2 the ring may be hidden by a suitable filling introduced into the cove 3 after the ring is lodged therein.

o.produce a blind joint the arrangement shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9.maybe employed, suchblind joint being desirable in case of window or door frames or casings, or in any position where blind joints are to be preferred, including sash and doors. Instead of forming a groove 3, two members 1 and 2 where abutting are each formed with a semi-circular channel 13 so that when the' parts are abutted, a circular seat is provided, it being understood that the circular form is described and illustrated because of the facility with which it may be produced and not because the invention is at all confined to this particular arrangement. Usually in joints of this character the grain of the wood, assuming the joint to be between wooden parts, runs lengthwise of the parts joined together, and this is indicated in Fig. 7 by the direction of surface shading. There is provided a tenon structure made up of two parts 14, 15, each of similar Circular contour and abutting along a diameter, but the grain of these two members which are assumed to be made of wood are so arranged one to the other as to agree with the direction of the grain in the two parts 1 and-2* to be joined together. In the particular structure shown the two parts 14 and 15 each comprise a half disk of a thickness to fit snugly in the seat or mortise 13 of the respective members 1 and 2 to be joined together. The two half disks 14; and 15 are embraced by a ring 4 applied in the manner already described with relation to the structure of Fig. 2, and this ring 4 may be the same initially as illustrated in Figs. 23 and 5, the drawing showing the same kind of a ring as is indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. The ring 4' when applied to the two half disks 14 and 15 firmly grips these disks and holds them in close relation, with the grain of one disk at an appropriate angle to that of the other and by the surface shading in Fig. 7

mil crimped condition which tendency is .1 a a 'peasas the grain of these two halt disks is indicated as running in the same direction as too grain of the respective members 1 and A to be joined, together. Now, by applying glue or other appropriate cementing material to the joined half disks 14 and 15 after the application of the gripping ring 4, the tension thus provided is introduced into the mortise seats 13 of the two members 1 and 2 and the parts are'held together until the cement hardens. Because of the relation of the grain of the two halfdisks 14 and 15 to that of the men'ihers l and 2 to be joined and also the presence of the ring 4, any tendency of the two. parts of the joint pulling away is most effectively resisted.

In the present invention the ring is unbroken either actually or effectively, and its action is not that of a broken ring which may be readily expanded because of its elasticity and grips any object to which it vis applied by the elastic tendency to return to its initial condition, but the change in shape of the ring of the present invention to cause it' to-entcr the seat provided for it is brought about only by the application of a force far in excess of any force which would be necessary to bend a split ring. NVith the present invention the ring is expanded circumferentially without affecting its continuity, and the tendency to return toward the original form is circumferential rather than diahalf disks 14 and '15 and the embracing or binding ring need notof necessity be made of two pieces, but the construction si -v n is.

to be preferred, since-it permi' ts of the grain of the wood being arrangedas stated,- orin any other relation desired. The spline and double mortises take the place of ordinary mortise and tenon construction.

in cutting the groove or mortise for the' blind joint the mandrel holding thecutter prevents the fori'riati0n of the mortise as a full half circle and thccxpantied ring therefore will not touch tlie wood of theeilge of the stile or end of the rail, thus leaving space for the movement of the ring when it 1;;-

turns toward its original corrugated form in vase of shrinkage of the wood.

In the foregoing description the ring orlink 4 is set forth as actually or effectively unbroken, but the showing is that of an integrally continuous or unbroken ring. In Fig. 10 there is shown a ring or link-4c which may be madeof a bar or rod of suitable cross-section, round or other shape, bent into a ring or loop with the ends twisted together preferably in the form of interlocked eyes 1". The ring may be made of steel. wire said ring being in embracing relation in the cated or otl'ierwisc, then corrugated or rimped and then tcmperi'ed. The rings 4 shown in Figs. 3 and 5 may also be made of steel and [cul -lured. So far as the purposes of the 'u-esent invention are concerned, the ring or loop t is: ascticrtively unbroken as arcthe rings l shown in the othcrtiguresof the drawing, wherel'oru all the rings may be des ribed as having their continuityunbroken, or as being effectively unbroken, or

as being effectively circumfereiitially unbroken.

"hat is claimed is: L

l. joint comprising a plurality of members in engagement, and an effectively endless or unbroken expanded tempered ring or loop of metal having a tendency to return toward the initial unexpanded condition,

expanded condition to the engaged parts of the members.

joined and provided with a seat eommorrto bot-h inei'nbers with portions interior :to the I '85 A jointv comprising members to be.

margins of the seat in firm union with said lHL'l'filIt'i'S, and a ring in theseat in gripping relation. to the interior parts firmly united to the members, said ring having its continu'ity effectively unbroken and circumferens tially expanded with a tendency to return to the initial unexpanded condition.

3. A joint comprising two nieinbers'iir abutting relation and each formed with a respective portion of a seat matching'thai otthe other portion and having partsinterior to the margins of theseat in firm union with. the two parts oined together, and an unbroken ring of normally irregular contour.

and of less free diametcrthan the internal diameter of the portion of the seat to receive ihe ring, said ring being expanded toward a tial shape.

radial contour to epter the seat and having a normal tendency to return toward the m1? 4; A joint comprising two abutting members formed with enacting parts, and a seat constituting a continuous channel when the members are joined with parts interior to the marginal walls of the-el'iannel in firm un on with the respective members of the joint, and an unbroken initially corrugated or'crimpcd ring expanded toward the obliteration. of the corrugations or crimps and.

seated in the channel, said ring haying a normal tendencyto return toward the original corrugated or erimped condition.

As an article of manufacture, an effectivelyendless or unbroken expansible' corrugated'and tempered ring or loop of metal havinga tendency to return toward the initial condition when expanded.

6. As an article of manufacture, .an effectively endless ring or loop ofmetal with the ends twisted together either as india formed of a bar or rod W1tll the ends twisted bogqther, said ring or loop being-corrugated} In t est' imqnythatfli= clelim the i dq d g d as m own, I have hereto affixed'myslgilqf 1 fectively endless ring or loop of metal I formed of abar or rod with the ends twisted 7. As an article of n'mrufacbure, an eftime 111 th preseme'qf twqwitnessgslj WILLIAM L EVA NS,

togetbg 'r' in the form of interlocking eyes, said 'ring. 0i loop being corrugated 'or I IRM H ODoxxmn, crimped and tempe 'ed. ApgmzNfA. T015132. 

